Abstract
Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is considered an incurable hematologic malignancy despite a plethora of standard and novel agents. There is no consensus on the optimal sequencing of available therapies in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM), even in the second line setting. Novel agents such as selinexor (XPOVIO [X]), an oral, first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound that blocks XPO1, or those that target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), have shown significant activity in RRMM. X is approved with bortezomib (V) and dexamethasone (XVd) in patients (pts) with at least 1 prior therapy and is not associated with known long-term clinically significant toxicities such as visual loss, cardiac dysfunction, renal failure, neuropathy, irreversible bone marrow suppression, second malignancies, venous thromboembolism, or rash. Currently, BCMA-targeting agents include 1 form each of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) and antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy approved in RRMM: idecabtagene vicleucel and belantamab mafodotin, respectively. BCMA-refractory MM represents an area of unmet need in MM without known standards for best treatment. Various novel combinations with X have demonstrated strong benefit in RRMM after 1 or more lines of therapy and activity even in CAR-T cell BCMA-refractory MM (N=7): 1 pt stringent complete (sCR), 3 very good partial (VGPR), 2 partial (PR), and 1 minimal (MR) response (Chari BJH 2020).
Here we report on the outcomes of heavily pretreated RRMM pts, a majority of whom had received ADC-BCMA, and who were treated with X-containing regimens on the STOMP trial.
Methods
STOMP (NCT02343042) is a phase 1b/2, multi-arm, open-label trial of various combinations of X with backbone agents for pts with RRMM or newly diagnosed MM. Here we report on all pts in STOMP with prior anti-BCMA treatment who were treated on STOMP with X+pomalidomide +dexamethasone (XPd); XVd; X+carfilzomib+d (XKd); XPVd; and XPd+elotuzumab (E) (XPEd).
Results
In total, 11 pts with prior anti-BCMA therapy (6 pts with belantamab mafodotin; 1 each with MEDI2228, SEA-BCMA, BCMA BITE; 2 with idecabtagene vicleucel) were treated with 5 X-containing regimens (Table 1): 9 pts were treated with triplets XPd (4), XVd (3), or XKd (2) and 2 pts with quadruplets XPVd (1) or XPEd (1). Median age was 71 years (range 46-85), 7 pts (63.6%) were women, 11 pts were white. Median duration from MM diagnosis to treatment with a STOMP regimen was 6.9 years (range 2.3-12.8). Five pts (45.5%) had high-risk cytogenetics; pts received median of 6 prior therapies (range 4-10). Eight pts (72.7%) received anti-BCMA in their immediate prior line of therapy. Ten pts (90.9%) were previously treated with all backbone drugs of the STOMP treatments (i.e., X was the only new drug).
The overall response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) for the prior anti-BCMA-containing regimens were 40.0% (2 pts VGPR, 2 PR, 5 stable disease [SD], 1 progressive disease, 1 unknown). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 1.8 months (95% CI: 1.5, NE), and the 6-month PFS probability was 12.5% (95% CI: 2.1, 76.2). ORR for the X-based treatments was 54.5% and CBR was 81.8%: 1 pt VGPR, 5 PR, 3 MR, 2 SD. Median PFS was not reached (95% CI: 5.9, NE) and the 6-month PFS probability was 68.6% (95% CI: 40.3, 100.0). Median overall survival was 10.5 months (95% CI: 9.6, NE) and median time to discontinuation was 8.1 months (95% CI: 6.1, NE).
The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were nausea and thrombocytopenia. Nausea was Grade (G) 1/2 (n=8, 72.7%); thrombocytopenia G1-4 in 8 pts (72.7%), 4 with ≥G3; there were no concurrent bleeding events. One pt on XPEd died of pulmonary nocardiosis considered to be associated with the 4-drug regimen. No new safety signals or long-term toxicities due to X were reported.
Conclusions
In this follow-up cohort of heavily pretreated pts, a majority of whom with MM refractory to ADC-BCMA, we demonstrate impressive potency and durability of the X-based treatments, particularly as compared to that of their prior anti-BCMA therapies. These data support the rationale for the development of novel regimens containing X plus immunomodulatory drugs or proteasome inhibitors in earlier lines of therapy, including first relapse, and further suggest their strong value in the emerging BCMA RRMM space.
Baljevic: Exelixis: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Research: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gasparetto: Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gsk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Oncopeptide: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Schiller: Sangamo: Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celator: Research Funding; Geron: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; PrECOG: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Pfizer: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding; Genentech-Roche: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Forma: Research Funding; Deciphera: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Regimmune: Research Funding; FujiFilm: Research Funding; Gamida Cell Ltd.: Research Funding; Constellation Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Mateon: Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Arog: Research Funding; Delta-Fly: Research Funding; Tolero: Research Funding; Samus: Research Funding; Actuate: Research Funding; Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Research Funding; Trovagene: Research Funding; Agios: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Elevate: Research Funding; Bio: Research Funding; Ono-UK: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharma: Consultancy; Johnson & Johnson: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Biomed Valley Discoveries: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; ASH foundation: Other: Chair-unpaid; Sellas: Research Funding; Ono: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Ariad: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Kaiser Permanente: Consultancy; Cyclacel: Research Funding; MedImmune: Research Funding; Ambit: Research Funding; Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Research Funding; Boehringer-Ingleheim: Research Funding; Cellerant: Research Funding; CTI Biopharma: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Research Funding; National Marrow Donor Program: Research Funding; NIH: Research Funding; Onyx: Research Funding; Pharmamar: Research Funding; UC Davis: Research Funding; UCSD: Research Funding; Evidera: Consultancy; NCI: Consultancy; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Tuchman: Caelum: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi / Genzyme: Consultancy, Research Funding; Shattuck Labs: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy. Lentzsch: Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celularity: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; GSK: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Oncopeptides: Consultancy; Caelum Biosciences: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Ossium Health: Consultancy; Magenta Therapeutics: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Kadmon: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Monge: Karyopharm: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy. Kotb: Celgene: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Pfizer: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Honoraria, Research Funding; Akcea: Honoraria. Bahlis: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy. White: Forus: Consultancy, Honoraria; Antengene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria. Chen: BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astrazeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Beigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy. Sutherland: GSK: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy. Madan: Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Leblanc: Celgene/BMS: Research Funding; BMS/Celgene Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Sebag: Janssen: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers-Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Venner: Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Celgene: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding. Bensinger: BMS, Janssen, Poseida, Regeneron, Trillium: Research Funding; Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Sanofi: Speakers Bureau. DeCastro: Karyopharm: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Van Domelen: Karyopharm: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Bentur: Karyopharm Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Zhang: Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Shah: Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Shacham: Karyopharm: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Patents & Royalties: (8999996, 9079865, 9714226, PCT/US12/048319, and I574957) on hydrazide containing nuclear transport modulators and uses, and pending patents PCT/US12/048319, 499/2012, PI20102724, and 2012000928) . Kauffman: Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Lipe: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; sanofi: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; amgen: Research Funding; Cellectar: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Harpoon: Research Funding.
